Asylum Projects Genealogical Requests

Asylum Project receives hundreds of individual genealogical requests from all sorts of people each year. The vast majority of requests fall into the category of someone who finds out that a family member had spent time in one of the institutions featured within this database. These requests tend to attribute an interest in learning more of the family member, what they were committed for, and information on the institution itself. Other types of requests tend to be burial requests and location requests.

However, one feature that pervades most requests, whether the requester realizes it or not, is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. (A.K.A. HIPAA) Because these genealogical requests are of either active mental health institutions or closed institutions, they are covered under the HIPAA. Because of this, genealogical requests involving mental institutions tend to be of special nature in regards to genealogical research. One result of this is that only family members are able to make/look at patient information in regards to their genealogical research.

Another fact that makes genealogical requests into people who spent time in a mental health facility, is the status of the facility. If the facility is still active, then the request has to follow whatever privacy rules the facility follows. If the request is of a facility that has closed, then on top the previous point, original records need to be tracked down and whoever is holding them now has their own privacy rules. One thing to keep in mind in both cases, is that there is not true symmetry to how the HIPAA laws are applied. What is true of one situation may not apply to another case.

Also, please keep in mind that everyone here at Asylum Projects are 100% volunteers. We do this on our own time and within limits of our knowledge. Sometimes we know how to find something specifically. Sometimes we don't. Yet, be aware that in the end the requester themselves will have to do most of the leg work as there is only so much help we can give.

General Expectations

From our experience, here are some things you should expect when doing genealogical research into mental health institutions:

• Expect to deal with the HIPAA laws. Even if you don't think they might apply to your situation, there have been many occasions where a hospital or archive worker has applied that law to something that it may not cover.
• Because of the HIPAA law, expect to jump through some hoops. Most likely you might need to go up in front of a judge or some other official to prove your relationship to person in question.
• Here are some common things regarding to the HIPAA law:
  • You need to prove your direct relationship to the person. This might or will include birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, etc.
  • You should be of direct relationship to the person. (I.E. son/daughter, grandson/granddaughter, etc.) If you have an indirect relationship to the person, you may be denied access to the person's records or will need permission/help from a direct family member.
  • If the person is still living, unless you are married to them, you must get their permission before viewing their mental health records.
• If the institution is still active, they might not have kept all the records from its beginning. Some institutions are diligent in maintaining these records. Others have moved their older records to some type of archives. While a few simply have destroyed the older records. This varies from state to state and even among individual institutions.
• If the institution has closed then things get even more complicated. In some cases the closed hospital's records were moved to another active institution. Other cases, the records were moved to archives or historical societies. In some other cases, records were simply left in the abandoned buildings. Workers simply just closed up the doors without attempting to remove valuable records. In this case, you most likely will have to track down where the old records went to, and then deal with whatever policies of the place who maintains the old records.
• While the vast majority of mental health institution workers have good intentions, most of the time they are overworked and buried under paperwork. Because of that, most mental health workers view genealogical requests as not a priority. Some will blow requests off or will only do a cursory search. Persistence is a must in those cases. If they are not willing to help you, bring in someone more powerful, like a state representative or one of their managers. Being persistent does work out in the end, even if it may not be the answer you were looking for. (Also, make sure not to insult them and be polite. Being rude in most cases won't get you anywhere.)
• Keep in mind about mental institution burial grounds: most institutions did not do any more then place the deceased person's patient number on their grave stone. Because of this, while you may figure out which burial grounds they are buried in, you may not be able to figure out which grave is theirs. Most institutions maintained lists of who is buried where in their cemeteries. In many cases, officials apply the HIPAA laws to this list and won't give out the names of those who are buried there. This applies especially to those who are not direct relatives. (Asking Asylum Projects for the names will not work either as we do not have access to the names ourselves, nor do we maintain burial lists.) Whether the HIPAA laws apply to the names of those buried in the institution cemeteries is debatable. Expect that you will most likely need to jump through some hoops to find that information.

Making Genealogical Requests on AP

If you still feel the need to request information from Asylum Projects, please keep in mind some things before make requests:

• The vast majority of the information we have on these institutions is already online. There is still a lot of research that needs to be done and this is a continual project that has no end. Yet, we are holding nothing back.
• We are 100% volunteer. None of us are paid to do genealogical research and most likely don't have the time to devote to each person who requests help. This doesn't mean we don't care, it's just there is only so much we can do.
• Sometimes we may not have an answer. The best we can do is simply to point the way towards a place that might help you better.
• Please keep the HIPAA/privacy laws in mind. Even if you don't think they apply, the official you might work with might think otherwise.
• In keeping with the last point, be prepared to jump through some hoops.

Info by State

Every state has different procedures & laws pertaining old mental health records.

• California-of Mental Health website about Patient Information Requests Unfortunately, due to state confidentiality laws, information that can be disclosed is strictly limited. In most cases, these confidentiality laws prevail over any request for patient records from an entity, including family member, other than the patient him/herself, even if the patient is deceased.
  • Ancestry.com now has some records that cover 1856-1923 for Stockton, Mendocino & Sonoma State Hospitals.
• Connecticut-Norwich State Hospital records & process to view them
• Georgia-Central State Hospital Website outlining steps for records requests Information 75 years or older does not require authorization or court order, records less then 75 years old requires client/guardian authorization or court order.
• Illinois- Article explaining the process for obtaining closed records from the State Archives in Illinois.
  • Chicago State Hospital-The Illinois State Archives in Springfield has Chicago State Hospital’s admission and discharge records from 1920 to 1951, but you need a court order to see them. Some early Cook County records, showing patients who were sent to Dunning between 1877 and 1887, are available for anyone to see in the state archives branch at Northeastern Illinois University.
• Indiana- State Archive website info on accessing records
  Searchable Database for CSH Records
• Kansas-Topeka State burials & information on records for all state hospital records
• Kentucky
  • Central State Hospital Louisville Most records were turned over to the state sometime in the 1970s. Brad Popp is the records officer for them (502)564-3595.
  • Eastern State Hospital Lexington Although the hospital has moved to a new location, all old records were retained and Vikki Franklin (859)246-8325 or Brittanie Johnson (859)246-8083 handle all request for old records.
  • Western State Hospital Hopkinsville The hospital has kept a majority of their patient records since it opened. Contact for their medical records is Valerie Majors (270)889-6025 x444.
• Massachusetts-State archives info on mental health records
• Michigan Blog that outlines procedures to obtain records
• Minnesota- Historical Patient Records: Overview
• New York- Link to New York State Office of Mental Health genealogical requests
• Oregon
  • Oregon State Hospital Inquiries about former patients can be directed to the Medical Records Department, at 503-945-2976. Due to confidentiality requirements, information about former patients can only be released to appropriate parties, and in most cases a release of information form is required.
• South Carolina- South Carolina State Archives, contact for info on state hospital records *List of known burials at state hospitals in SC
• Virginia
  • Blue Ridge Sanatorium-State library records available
  • Central Lunatic Asylum-Link to the state library lists of available records
  • Eastern State Hospital-ESH available records
  • Southwestern State Hospital-Link to state library available records
  • Western State Hospital-WSH available records
• Washington
  • Eastern Washington State Hospital Patients were buried in the hospital’s cemeteries from 1891 to 1954. If you have a family member that you think might be buried in the hospital’s cemeteries, contact the Medical Record Department at (509) 565-4335. The staff will determine if you are authorized to receive information regarding patients who have been buried in the hospital’s cemeteries and will assist you with your questions.
  • Tacoma State Hospital Medical Record Department 9601 Steilacoom Blvd Tacoma, Washington 98498-7213 Phone: (253) 582-8900