Difference between pages "Spring Grove State Hospital" and "Central State Hospital Louisville"

From Asylum Projects
(Difference between pages)
Jump to: navigation, search
 
m (Added 2 images)
 
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{infobox institution
 
{{infobox institution
−
| name = Spring Grove State Hospital
+
| name = Central State Hospital
−
| image = Spring Grove SH 01.jpg
+
| image = 22473397 10155229949893717 728682122 o.jpg
 
| image_size = 250px
 
| image_size = 250px
 
| alt =  
 
| alt =  
 
| caption =  
 
| caption =  
−
| established = 1797
+
| established =
−
| construction_began = 1853
+
| construction_began = 1868
−
| construction_ended = 1872
+
| construction_ended = 1869
−
| opened = October 7, 1872
+
| opened = 1873
−
| closed =
+
| closed = 1986
−
| demolished = 1964 (Kirkbride Building)
+
| demolished = 1996
−
| current_status = [[Active Institution|Active]]
+
| current_status = [[Demolished Institution|Demolished]]
 
| building_style = [[Kirkbirde Planned Institutions|Kirkbride Plan]]
 
| building_style = [[Kirkbirde Planned Institutions|Kirkbride Plan]]
−
| architect(s) = J. Crawford Neilson
+
| architect(s) =
−
| location = Catonsville, MD
+
| location = Louisville,KY
−
| architecture_style =
+
| architecture_style =  
−
| peak_patient_population =  
+
| peak_patient_population = 2,400
 
| alternate_names =<br>
 
| alternate_names =<br>
−
*Spring Grove Hospital Center
+
*Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum
−
*Captain Yellott's Retreat
+
*Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane
−
*Hospital for Strangers and Mariners
+
*Central State Hospital
−
*Hospital for Seamen and Mariners
+
*River Region Hospital
−
*Public Hospital of Baltimore
 
−
*The Maryland Hospital  
 
−
}}
 
−
[[image:Spring Grove SH 02.jpg|300px|left]]
 
  
−
==History==
+
Hospital "Nicknames"
−
Spring Grove Hospital Center was founded in 1797 and is the second oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States (The oldest being Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, which was founded in 1773).
 
  
−
The "Old Main" was the original building at the Spring Grove site of the Maryland Hospital for the Insane. Although construction was started in 1853, the Main Building was not substantially completed and ready for full occupancy until 1872. Work on the building stopped in 1862 and was not resumed until 1868. However, enough of the north wing was completed by the start of the Civil War (1861) to allow for that part of the building to serve as a military hospital during the War. The first psychiatric patients were transferred from the Baltimore City location of the Maryland Hospital to the newly completed facility at Spring Grove on October 7, 1872.
+
*Lakeland State Hospital
−
 
+
*Anchorage Asylum
−
The Main Building's original capacity was 325 patients, and its cost, including landscaping and several associated outbuildings, was approximately $760,000. From the beginning, the Main Building had running water, flush toilets, gas lighting and forced air central heating. Hot water for a heat exchanger was piped to the building's basement from a nearby Boiler House. Electric lights and a telephone system were added in the 1890s. (Combination gas and electric chandeliers may be seen in some pictures from the turn of the 19th Century.) The Main Building was designed in accordance with the Kirkbride Plan, which called for a monumental center section, and two large wings — one for male patients and one for females patients. The north wing was called the "Male Department," and the south wing was called the "Female Department." The individual units on each wing were arranged in a progressive set-back configuration, a system that allowed for the classification of patients by level of functioning, and kept the various levels of care ("Violent Female," "General Female," "Convalescent Female," "Violent Male," "General Male" and "Convalescent Male" ) fairly separate from each other.
+
*Central State Hospital  
 +
}}
  
−
Although there were several major expansions of the building in later years, originally it had 18 patient care units or "wards" (later called "Halls") — three floors, with three units en echelon on each floor of each wing. The central section of the building, referred to in early records as the "Centre Building," included administrative offices and other central elements such as the kitchen and the Amusement Hall.
+
== History ==
  
−
Sadly, the "Old Main" was demolished in 1964, and all that's left of the original complex is the Boiler House - the northern section of today's laundry building. The Main Building stood on the lot across the street from the current Spring Grove Administration Building, and extended north to beyond where the Jamison Building stands today. The circular lawn seen in front of the Main Building in the above picture exists today as the "island" at the center of the traffic circle near today's Administration Building on Ash Street.
+
Central State Hospital is a 192-bed adult psychiatric hospital located in eastern Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky. In 1869, 200 acres were purchased by the Kentucky State Legislature from the descendants of renown frontiersman Issac Hite to establish a "State House of Reform for Juvenile Delinquents." This was located on the outskirts of what would become Anchorage, Kentucky. In 1873, due to overcrowding at both of Kentucky's mental hospitals, the House of Reform was converted into the Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, with Dr. C.C. Forbes as its first Superintendent. The following year an act of the legislature renamed it the Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. In late 1887, it received its own post office, called simply "Asylum". The following year its name was changed to "Lakeland", and the institution was commonly referred to as "Lakeland Hospital" or "Lakeland Asylum". By 1900, its official name had been changed to the Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane. By 1912 it was known as Central State Hospital. Comparable institutions are Eastern State Hospital at Lexington in Fayette County and Western State Hospital at Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky. All three were administered by the Board of Charitable Organizations.
  
−
Although today it is difficult for some of us to understand why the historic significance and architectural merit of the Main Building didn't save it from the wrecking ball back in 1963, the fact is that, in 1963, the building was structurally unsound, was justifiably considered to have been a "firetrap," and was felt to have been beyond reasonable repair. Its wooden floor joists, some of which dated back to 1853, reportedly were rotten and at risk of collapsing; and it's heating, plumbing and electrical systems were dangerously outdated. Furthermore, its monolithic design was badly out of step with the needs and sensibilities of a modern psychiatric hospital; and, in the days before "condo's" and "loft apartments" it probably wouldn't have lent itself to adaptive reuse.
+
The secluded, rural setting was typical of such facilities in the late 19th century, as such an environment was thought to be beneficial for recovery from mental illness. However, not all patients had mental disorders - some suffered from brain damage, mental retardation or were simply poor or elderly. The early years of the 1880s were marked by repeated allegations of patient abuse.
  
−
Much of the rubble of the Main Building is located just under the soil of the open field that lies behind the Jamison Building, between the modern day Spring Grove Administration Building and the Laundry Building, and some of it was deposited as landfill behind the Hamilton Building (which was extant at the time that the Main Building was demolished). Occasionally, even to this day, small subterranean sections of the remains of the Main Building, such as portions of its air shafts or basement rooms, will collapse and cause slight indentations to appear on the surface — a subtle reminder, perhaps, that the Main Building hasn't passed entirely from our midst.
+
[[image:22447632 10155229949858717 468205663 n.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]
  
−
The hospital is now officially known as ''Spring Grove Hospital Center'' (renamed in 1973) and under the governance of the  Mental Hygiene Administration, the facility operates 330 beds and provides advanced  inpatient psychiatric services to approximately 1000 patients every year.  Spring Grove is fully accredited by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO), was recently awarded commendation status by that Aerial View of Spring Grove Hospital Center, 1992 organization, and maintains a major teaching affiliation with the University of Maryland. The Center is also the host site of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, a world-renowned research institution that focuses on identifying the causes and cure for schizophrenia.<ref>http://www.springgrove.com/history.html</ref>
+
Throughout Central States history, the institution suffered from improper funding, understaffing, and overcrowding. Though built to accommodate 1,600 patients, by 1940 there were in excess of 2,400 patients and again various accusations of patient mistreatment began to arise. However, starting in the 1950s, changing community perception of the mentally disturbed, led to fewer patients staying permanently in mental hospitals. In 1962, $3,000,000 was allowed by the state to construct more modern facilities on LaGrange Road. Many of these are still standing.
  
 +
In 1986, a new modern administration facility was completed on property adjacent to the 1960s buildings, The original hospital and surviving structures on what was called "the North Campus" were subsequently abandoned and later demolished in the late 1990s.
  
 +
==Cemeteries==
 +
There are 2 cemeteries on the former hospital property that is now part of the E.P. Tom Sawyer State park. Strawberry Hill and Peace On Earth, with Strawberry Hill being the older of the two. All graves are marked and the number of patients buried there currently unknown. Ongoing research has brought the number to nearly 1,000 names.
  
−
== Images of Spring Grove State Hospital ==
+
== Images of Central State Hospital ==
−
{{image gallery|[[Spring Grove State Hospital Image Gallery|Spring Grove State Hospital]]}}
+
{{image gallery|[[Central State Hospital Louisville Image Gallery|Central State Hospital Louisville]]}}
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
File:Spring Grove SH 01.jpg
+
file:Lakeland9.jpg
−
File:Spring Grove SH 05.jpg
+
file:CentralState3.jpg
−
File:Spring Grove SH 08.jpg
+
file:Lakeland6.png
−
File:Spring Grove SH 03.jpg
+
file:CentralState2a.jpg
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
 
  
 
== Links & Additional Information ==  
 
== Links & Additional Information ==  
−
*[http://www.amazon.com/Spring-Grove-Hospital-Images-America/dp/0738553263/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212608595&sr=1-1 Spring Grove State Hospital] (Images of America Series Book)
+
*[https://kentuckyhistoricinstitutions.com/asylums/central-state-hospital/csh-death-index/ List of burials known to date]
−
*[http://www.springgrove.com Official Spring Grove Website]
+
*[https://kentuckyhistoricinstitutions.com/asylums/central-state-hospital/ Website with History & Photos]
−
 
 
−
==References==
 
−
<references/>
 
−
 
 
  
−
[[Category:Maryland]]
+
[[Category:Kentucky]]
 +
[[Category:Demolished Institution]]
 
[[Category:Kirkbride Buildings]]
 
[[Category:Kirkbride Buildings]]
−
[[Category:Active Institution]]
+
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]
 
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]
 
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]

Revision as of 01:26, 13 October 2017

Central State Hospital
Construction Began 1868
Construction Ended 1869
Opened 1873
Closed 1986
Demolished 1996
Current Status Demolished
Building Style Kirkbride Plan
Location Louisville,KY
Peak Patient Population 2,400
Alternate Names
  • Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum
  • Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane
  • Central State Hospital
  • River Region Hospital

Hospital "Nicknames"

  • Lakeland State Hospital
  • Anchorage Asylum
  • Central State Hospital



History

Central State Hospital is a 192-bed adult psychiatric hospital located in eastern Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky. In 1869, 200 acres were purchased by the Kentucky State Legislature from the descendants of renown frontiersman Issac Hite to establish a "State House of Reform for Juvenile Delinquents." This was located on the outskirts of what would become Anchorage, Kentucky. In 1873, due to overcrowding at both of Kentucky's mental hospitals, the House of Reform was converted into the Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, with Dr. C.C. Forbes as its first Superintendent. The following year an act of the legislature renamed it the Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. In late 1887, it received its own post office, called simply "Asylum". The following year its name was changed to "Lakeland", and the institution was commonly referred to as "Lakeland Hospital" or "Lakeland Asylum". By 1900, its official name had been changed to the Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane. By 1912 it was known as Central State Hospital. Comparable institutions are Eastern State Hospital at Lexington in Fayette County and Western State Hospital at Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky. All three were administered by the Board of Charitable Organizations.

The secluded, rural setting was typical of such facilities in the late 19th century, as such an environment was thought to be beneficial for recovery from mental illness. However, not all patients had mental disorders - some suffered from brain damage, mental retardation or were simply poor or elderly. The early years of the 1880s were marked by repeated allegations of patient abuse.

22447632 10155229949858717 468205663 n.jpg

Throughout Central States history, the institution suffered from improper funding, understaffing, and overcrowding. Though built to accommodate 1,600 patients, by 1940 there were in excess of 2,400 patients and again various accusations of patient mistreatment began to arise. However, starting in the 1950s, changing community perception of the mentally disturbed, led to fewer patients staying permanently in mental hospitals. In 1962, $3,000,000 was allowed by the state to construct more modern facilities on LaGrange Road. Many of these are still standing.

In 1986, a new modern administration facility was completed on property adjacent to the 1960s buildings, The original hospital and surviving structures on what was called "the North Campus" were subsequently abandoned and later demolished in the late 1990s.

Cemeteries

There are 2 cemeteries on the former hospital property that is now part of the E.P. Tom Sawyer State park. Strawberry Hill and Peace On Earth, with Strawberry Hill being the older of the two. All graves are marked and the number of patients buried there currently unknown. Ongoing research has brought the number to nearly 1,000 names.

Images of Central State Hospital

Main Image Gallery: Central State Hospital Louisville


  • Lakeland9.jpg
  • CentralState3.jpg
  • Lakeland6.png
  • CentralState2a.jpg

Links & Additional Information

Retrieved from "https://asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Spring_Grove_State_Hospital&oldid=33531"