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== History == | == History == | ||
− | + | The term was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, and literally means the 'medical care of the soul/mind'; from the Koine Greek 'psukhē', meaning: intelligble soul/mind; and the suffix '-iatry', meaning: medical care; from the Attic Greek. 'iātrikos': to heal). However, it held common use as an unspecified division of medicine before that time. | |
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− | The term was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, and literally means the 'medical care of the soul/mind'; from the Koine Greek 'psukhē', meaning: intelligble soul/mind; and the suffix '-iatry', meaning: medical care; from the Attic Greek. 'iātrikos': to heal). However, it held common use as an unspecified division of medicine before that time | ||
Specialist hospitals for the practice of psychiatry were built in Baghdad as early as 705 AD, followed by one in Fes in the early 8th century, and Cairo in the year 800 AD. Physicians who wrote on mental disorders and their treatment in the Medieval Islamic period included Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ([[Rhazes]]), the Arab physician Najab ud-din Muhammadand Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina, known in the Western world as [[Avicenna]]. Islamic study of psychiatric medicine and theories of mind were some of the most advanced of the period. | Specialist hospitals for the practice of psychiatry were built in Baghdad as early as 705 AD, followed by one in Fes in the early 8th century, and Cairo in the year 800 AD. Physicians who wrote on mental disorders and their treatment in the Medieval Islamic period included Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ([[Rhazes]]), the Arab physician Najab ud-din Muhammadand Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina, known in the Western world as [[Avicenna]]. Islamic study of psychiatric medicine and theories of mind were some of the most advanced of the period. | ||
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In contrast, specialist hospitals that were built in medieval Europe, from the 13th century to treat mental disorders, were utilized only as custodial institutions and did not provide any type of treatment to their patients. Founded in the 13th century, [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] in London is one of the oldest lunatic asylums. By 1547, the City of London acquired the hospital and continued its function until 1948, afterwhich it passed to the care of the National Health Service and is an NHS Foundation Trust. | In contrast, specialist hospitals that were built in medieval Europe, from the 13th century to treat mental disorders, were utilized only as custodial institutions and did not provide any type of treatment to their patients. Founded in the 13th century, [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] in London is one of the oldest lunatic asylums. By 1547, the City of London acquired the hospital and continued its function until 1948, afterwhich it passed to the care of the National Health Service and is an NHS Foundation Trust. | ||
− | + | The term [[Alienist]] was used frequently to refer to both American/European psychiatrists and psychologists as late as the early 20th century. It is currently considered archaic in medical circles, and is not commonly employed. | |
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Modern psychiatry attempts to combine the use of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy in treatment, but current practice also includes widely ranging variety of other potential modalities. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on other aspects of the psychiatric disorder in question. Research and treatment within psychiatry as a whole are conducted on an interdisciplinary basis, sourcing an array of sub-specialties and theoretical approaches. | Modern psychiatry attempts to combine the use of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy in treatment, but current practice also includes widely ranging variety of other potential modalities. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on other aspects of the psychiatric disorder in question. Research and treatment within psychiatry as a whole are conducted on an interdisciplinary basis, sourcing an array of sub-specialties and theoretical approaches. | ||
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[[Category:Terminology]] | [[Category:Terminology]] |