Editing Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital

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=== Innovation and Expansion: 1912 to 1958 ===
 
=== Innovation and Expansion: 1912 to 1958 ===
  
In 1911, the Managers of the [[Pennsylvania Hospital]] appointed [[Owen Copp]] (1858-1933) Physician-in-Chief and Superintendent of the 'Hospital for the Insane'. Dr. Copp was a native of New England, who graduated from Dartmouth College in 1881, and from Harvard Medical School in 1884. One year later, he became a physician in the [[Tauton State Hospital]] for the Insane, in Massachusetts. In 1895 he was named the first Superintendent of the [[Massachusetts Hospital for Epileptics]] at Monson, and in 1899 he was named Executive Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Insanity (known today as the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health). In this last position, his achievements in improving the care of the institutionalized insane in Massachusetts brought him national attention. Pennsylvania Hospital's appointment was one of his many rewards for a long service record in psychiatry. Shortly after this appointment, he was named the [[American Psychiatric Association]] in 1921.
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With the dawn of the 20th Century, a particular fascination with professional laboratory science was ushered in. It was posited that by more closely examining the brain and its inner workings, physicians could be able to determine the mysteries of mental illness. Neurologists and Micro-biologists concluded that insanity was a 'disease' of the nervous system, and it should be treated directed. Researchers collected brain specimens of deceased insane patients to search for clues about the nature of such pathologies. These early neuro-psychiatrists were no longer convinced that 'humane treatment' alone was sufficient to bring about psychiatric recovery for most of the clinical population. They looked for more allegedly scientific methods in conducting their various therapies. Reflecting this changing view, the Institute's name was changed in 1918 from 'the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane' to the "Department for Mental and Nervous Diseases at Pennsylvania Hospital". This name remained with the hospital for the next four decades. It was also during this period that professional nurses and personnel trained in psychiatry replaced the former attendants.  
 
 
Dr. Copp’s administration proved trans-formative for the Hospital for the Insane. He began, as he had done in Massachusetts, by advocating higher standards in the care of the Department’s patients, in contrast to public facilities. Simultaneously, he began to reduce the duration of patient treatment and the number of in-patients present, deciding in many cases that the patient could do better in the familiar surroundings of family and community. This new philosophy was expressed in where the terms "[[Insanity]]" was stricken from all clinical proceedings at the hospital. Shortly thereafter, the term was deemed archaic and pejorative, and quickly fell out of clinical use by the end of the decade.
 
 
 
With the dawn of the 20th Century, a particular fascination with professional laboratory science was ushered in. It was posited that by more closely examining the brain and its inner workings, physicians could be able to determine the mysteries of behavioral disturbance and their alleged correlation with physio-chemical inbalances. Neurologists and Micro-biologists concluded that insanity was a 'disease' of the nervous system, and it should be treated directed as such. Researchers collected brain specimens of deceased insane patients to search for clues about the nature of such pathologies. These early neuro-psychiatrists were no longer convinced that 'humane treatment' alone was sufficient to bring about psychiatric recovery for most of the clinical population. They looked for more allegedly scientific methods in conducting their various therapies. Reflecting this changing view, the hospital's name was changed in January of 1918 from 'the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane' to the "Department for Mental and Nervous Diseases at Pennsylvania Hospital". This name remained with the hospital for the next four decades. It was also during this period that professional nurses and personnel trained in psychiatry replaced the former attendants.  
 
  
 
[[File:North.jpeg|280px|thumb|right|The Female Department of the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital]]
 
[[File:North.jpeg|280px|thumb|right|The Female Department of the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital]]
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*'''Female Department'''- (1840) the original structure of the department of the insane, constructed 1838-1841. The [[American Psychiatric Association]] would first meet in this building, and it would remain as the primary administrative building for the Institute for the length of its existence. Additionally, it remained in active clinical use until it was sold by the hospital to the City of Philadelphia in 1954, and subsequently demolished.  
 
*'''Female Department'''- (1840) the original structure of the department of the insane, constructed 1838-1841. The [[American Psychiatric Association]] would first meet in this building, and it would remain as the primary administrative building for the Institute for the length of its existence. Additionally, it remained in active clinical use until it was sold by the hospital to the City of Philadelphia in 1954, and subsequently demolished.  
  
*'''North Flats Building'''- (1841) the first expansion to hospital property, as petitioned by Dr. Kirkbride shortly after the completion of the main hospital building. These units were intended for the more acute cases that could not be treated on an ordinary medical unit. They appear to have been reserved for this purpose until the close of the female department a century later. Demolished in 1954.
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*'''North Flats Building'''- (1841) the first expansion to hospital property, as petitioned by Dr. Kirkbride shortly after the completion of the main hospital building. These units were intended for the more acute cases that could not be treated on an ordinary medical unit. They appear to have been reserved for this purpose until the close of the female department a century later.
  
*'''South Flats Building'''- (1841) this building was intended to match the North flats, and was constructed for the same reason, serving the same function throughout its history. Demolished in 1954.
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*'''South Flats Building'''- (1841) this building was intended to match the North flats, and was constructed for the same reason, serving the same function throughout its history.
  
 
*'''South Fisher Ward'''- (1868)
 
*'''South Fisher Ward'''- (1868)
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*'''Hospital Auditorium'''-  
 
*'''Hospital Auditorium'''-  
  
*'''Lapsley Pavilion'''- (1922) named for Joseph Lapsley Wilson (?)
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*'''Lapsley Pavilion'''- (1922) Named for Joseph Lapsley Wilson (?)
  
 
=== Campus for the Department of Males ===
 
=== Campus for the Department of Males ===

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