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==History==
 
==History==
In 1851 the county poor farm was established at the town of Jefferson, Ill., about 12 miles northwest of Chicago.  The farm consisted of 160 acres of fairly improved land, and was formerly owned by peter Ludby, who located it in 1839.  Additional land was purchased in 1860 and in 1884.  In 1915 the land consisted of 234 acres. By November, 1854, the county poorhouse was nearly finished.  The building was of brick, three stories high and basement, and cost about $25,000.
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In 1851 the county poor farm was established at the town of Jefferson, Ill., about 12 miles northwest of Chicago.  The farm consisted of 160 acres of fairly improved land, and was formerly owned by peter Ludby, who located it in 1839.  Additional land was purchased in 1860 and in 1884.  At the present time (1915) the land consists of 234 acres.
  
In 1858 Dr. D. B. Fonda was physician for the poorhouse and insane departments.  At the time the building of the insane asylum, 200 feet south of the almshouse hospital, was contemplated. In the first biennial report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois, dated December, 1870, occurs the following:
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By November, 1854, the county poorhouse was nearly finished.  The building was of brick, three stories high and basement, and cost about $25,000.
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In 1858 Dr. D. B. Fonda was physician for the poorhouse and insane departments.  At the time the building of the insane asylum, 200 feet south of the almshouse hospital, was contemplated.
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In the first biennial report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois, dated December, 1870, occurs the following:
  
 
::Although the keeper of the Cook County almshouse seems to be a humane, conscientious man, who conducts the institution to the very best of his ability under the circumstances and surroundings, it is nevertheless for so wealthy a county a miserably planned and badly managed institution.
 
::Although the keeper of the Cook County almshouse seems to be a humane, conscientious man, who conducts the institution to the very best of his ability under the circumstances and surroundings, it is nevertheless for so wealthy a county a miserably planned and badly managed institution.
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The old insane department was of brick, with small barred windows, iron doors, and heavy wooden doors outside, with apertures and hinged shutters for passing food.  The cells were about seven by eight feet; they were not heated, except by a stove in the corridor, which did not raise the temperature in some of them above freezing point; the cold, however, did not freeze out the vermin with which the beds, walls and floors were alive. The number of cells in this department was 21, 10 on the lower floor and 11 on the upper floor; many of them contained two beds,
 
The old insane department was of brick, with small barred windows, iron doors, and heavy wooden doors outside, with apertures and hinged shutters for passing food.  The cells were about seven by eight feet; they were not heated, except by a stove in the corridor, which did not raise the temperature in some of them above freezing point; the cold, however, did not freeze out the vermin with which the beds, walls and floors were alive. The number of cells in this department was 21, 10 on the lower floor and 11 on the upper floor; many of them contained two beds,
  
The other buildings were all frame; they were more like barns or barracks-immense areas of bare floors, crowded with cheap iron strap bedsteads. The heating was insufficient; there was no ventilation; the arrangements for bathing were so imperfect, there being no hot water, that during the winter months the inmates were not bathed; even in summer the number of tubs was too small and they were inconviently located. There were no halls in these buildings, the entire space being divided into rooms; the stairways were either on the outside or in the center of the room.
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The other buildings were all frame; they were more like barns or barracks-immense areas of bare floors, crowded with cheap iron strap bedsteads.
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The heating was insufficient; there was no ventilation; the arrangements for bathing were so imperfect, there being no hot water, that during the winter months the inmates were not bathed; even in summer the number of tubs was too small and they were inconviently located.
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There were no halls in these buildings, the entire space being divided into rooms; the stairways were either on the outside or in the center of the room.
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In the report for 1878 it is stated that the Cook County poorhouse :is a rookery and should be torn down."
  
In the report for 1878 it is stated that the Cook County poorhouse :is a rookery and should be torn down." The plans for additional buildings for the infirmary were drawn by John G. Cochrane, the architect, and the designs submitted by him were adopted by the county on the 22d of September, 1881.
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The plans for additional buildings for the infirmary were drawn by John G. Cochrane, the architect, and the designs submitted by him were adopted by the county on the 22d of September, 1881.
  
 
The contract for the erection of the buildings was awarded in June, 1882, to Messers. McGraw & Downey, who completed their part of the work in time for the institution to receive inmates by June the following year.
 
The contract for the erection of the buildings was awarded in June, 1882, to Messers. McGraw & Downey, who completed their part of the work in time for the institution to receive inmates by June the following year.
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The east wings continued in use as wards for insane patients until January 9, 1914, when a fire started in the ruins at the western end of the buildings; shortly after this fire the buildings were abandoned and the contract was let to have them wrecked.  The buildings were leveled during the year 1914.
 
The east wings continued in use as wards for insane patients until January 9, 1914, when a fire started in the ruins at the western end of the buildings; shortly after this fire the buildings were abandoned and the contract was let to have them wrecked.  The buildings were leveled during the year 1914.
  
The boiler room and pump house connected with the infirmary remains in use at the present time (1915). The ice-house, which was built at the same time as the infirmary buildings in 1883, is in use at the present time (1915) as a paint shop.
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The boiler room and pump house connected with the infirmary remains in use at the present time (1915).
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The ice-house, which was built at the same time as the infirmary buildings in 1883, is in use at the present time (1915) as a paint shop.
  
 
==The Cook County Insane Asylum==
 
==The Cook County Insane Asylum==
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Pure water was supplied these buildings by an artesian well 756 feet deep.  The cost of these buildings completed was $135,000.  They furnished accommodations for 200 patients, giving a room to each.
 
Pure water was supplied these buildings by an artesian well 756 feet deep.  The cost of these buildings completed was $135,000.  They furnished accommodations for 200 patients, giving a room to each.
  
In 1871, on account of the overcrowded condition of the hospital, cells were fitted up in the basement. In 1872 a new library was fitted up for the patients at a cost of $500.  One of the large rooms in the rear building was fitted up as a sewing room, and this room was also used for a dance once or twice a week for the patients. In 1873 a fourth story addition was added to the main building for the insane witch was occupied during the early part of January, 1874, as an amusement hall for the patients and quarters for about 50 patients.
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In 1871, on account of the overcrowded condition of the hospital, cells were fitted up in the basement.
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In 1872 a new library was fitted up for the patients at a cost of $500.  One of the large rooms in the rear building was fitted up as a sewing room, and this room was also used for a dance once or twice a week for the patients.
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In 1873 a fourth story addition was added to the main building for the insane witch was occupied during the early part of January, 1874, as an amusement hall for the patients and quarters for about 50 patients.
  
 
In 1874 a piano was purchased for the hall and a bowling alley was fitted up in the basement for the use of the patients.  A reserve reservoir was built, to be used in the event of fire, the two reservoirs in the basement being used to collect rain water from the roofs for use in the boilers.  A gas house was built, which introduced the lighting of the building by gas; and a small infirmary was arranged for on each ward to care for the sick and helpless patients.
 
In 1874 a piano was purchased for the hall and a bowling alley was fitted up in the basement for the use of the patients.  A reserve reservoir was built, to be used in the event of fire, the two reservoirs in the basement being used to collect rain water from the roofs for use in the boilers.  A gas house was built, which introduced the lighting of the building by gas; and a small infirmary was arranged for on each ward to care for the sick and helpless patients.
  
During 1877 a new steam drying room was constructed next to the laundry and a new artesian well, 1207 feet deep, was bored. In the report for this year the medical superintendent complained that he was not backed up by the warden, and that he was insulted when he tried to obtain the proper amount of nourishment and its proper preparation for the patients; also that patients were not sufficiently clothed.
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During 1877 a new steam drying room was constructed next to the laundry and a new artesian well, 1207 feet deep, was bored.
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In the report for this year the medical superintendent complained that he was not backed up by the warden, and that he was insulted when he tried to obtain the proper amount of nourishment and its proper preparation for the patients; also that patients were not sufficiently clothed.
  
 
In a report made 1878 by the State Board of Commissioners of Public Charities the following occurs:
 
In a report made 1878 by the State Board of Commissioners of Public Charities the following occurs:
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There was a small amusement hall which would hold 100 persons.  A few books served as a library, but no periodicals were taken.  The upper floors were occupied by women, the lower floors by men.  The pharmacy was in the basement.  There was an icehouse on the grounds holding 300 or 400 tons.  At a little distance from the main building were the barns and piggery.
 
There was a small amusement hall which would hold 100 persons.  A few books served as a library, but no periodicals were taken.  The upper floors were occupied by women, the lower floors by men.  The pharmacy was in the basement.  There was an icehouse on the grounds holding 300 or 400 tons.  At a little distance from the main building were the barns and piggery.
  
Dr. John Spray was medical director from January 1, 1878, to September 1, 1882, to September 1,1884. Of the inmates under treatment during March, 1884, there were 285 males and 325 females.  Out of this number only 72 were native-born Americans. Until 1882 the nearest railway station at which on could take the cars to or from the county farm was at the village of Jefferson, two mile away, on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad.  However, the commissioners of Cook County, seeing the necessity of having railroad communication direct for the city, built some three miles of line running across the poor farm in a southerly direction, and intersecting the St. Paul road at Galewood.  This was done and the first train from the city to the county farm was started on the 11th of September, 1882.
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Dr. John Spray was medical director from January 1, 1878, to September 1, 1882, to September 1,1884.
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Of the inmates under treatment during March, 1884, there were 285 males and 325 females.  Out of this number only 72 were native-born Americans.
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Until 1882 the nearest railway station at which on could take the cars to or from the county farm was at the village of Jefferson, two mile away, on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad.  However, the commissioners of Cook County, seeing the necessity of having railroad communication direct for the city, built some three miles of line running across the poor farm in a southerly direction, and intersecting the St. Paul road at Galewood.  This was done and the first train from the city to the county farm was started on the 11th of September, 1882.
  
The county also erected at its terminus of the line a handsome depot building at a cost of $2100, and the station was named Dunning, in honor of one of the oldest wealthiest settlers in the vicinity. The infirmary and insane asylum up to 1882 were under one management, a committee of five county commissioners, which had entire control.  This committee appointed a medical superintendent over the asylum, a warden, matron, engineer and storekeeper, but none of these officers had any power except as directed by the committee, nor had either institution any head.  Quoting from a report of the State Board of Charities dated 1878: "The warden is not head, and superintendent is not head; the real head is the committee, which has five heads."
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The county also erected at its terminus of the line a handsome depot building at a cost of $2100, and the station was named Dunning, in honor of one of the oldest wealthiest settlers in the vicinity.
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The infirmary and insane asylum up to 1882 were under one management, a committee of five county commissioners, which had entire control.  This committee appointed a medical superintendent over the asylum, a warden, matron, engineer and storekeeper, but none of these officers had any power except as directed by the committee, nor had either institution any head.  Quoting from a report of the State Board of Charities dated 1878: "The warden is not head, and superintendent is not head; the real head is the committee, which has five heads."
  
 
In 1882 the county board adopted new rules, which provided that the warden and superintendent should be elected by the Board of County Commissioners.  These officers were placed more directly in charge of their respective departments and given enlarged powers of management and control.
 
In 1882 the county board adopted new rules, which provided that the warden and superintendent should be elected by the Board of County Commissioners.  These officers were placed more directly in charge of their respective departments and given enlarged powers of management and control.
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This asylum was the first in the West to appoint female physicians.  It was the first in the state to appoint graduate and trained female nurses in charge of the particular nursing and administration of all drugs.  The female physicians were Dr. Delia Howe, appointed May 1, 1884, and Dr. Harriet Alexander, appointed February 1, 1885.
 
This asylum was the first in the West to appoint female physicians.  It was the first in the state to appoint graduate and trained female nurses in charge of the particular nursing and administration of all drugs.  The female physicians were Dr. Delia Howe, appointed May 1, 1884, and Dr. Harriet Alexander, appointed February 1, 1885.
  
Dr. James D Kiernan was appointed medical superintendent September 1, 1884, and was replaced by Dr. Spray September 1, 1885. The present (1915) detached was buildings were completed in 1885, at a cost of $135,000.  They are two stories in height, built of brick.  A large basement houses at the present time (1915) the general bathroom for patients, with a swimming pool of about 20 by 25 feet; also the carpenter shop, machine shop and mattress shop.
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Dr. James D Kiernan was appointed medical superintendent September 1, 1884, and was replaced by Dr. Spray September 1, 1885.
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The present (1915) detached was buildings were completed in 1885, at a cost of $135,000.  They are two stories in height, built of brick.  A large basement houses at the present time (1915) the general bathroom for patients, with a swimming pool of about 20 by 25 feet; also the carpenter shop, machine shop and mattress shop.
  
 
In 1885 there were many complaints made against appointing of employees through the political friendship of the appointing power, which resulted in the presence of many inexperienced and incapable attendants.
 
In 1885 there were many complaints made against appointing of employees through the political friendship of the appointing power, which resulted in the presence of many inexperienced and incapable attendants.
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During 1904 the present cottage wards 10 and 11 were completed.  These building were known as Group No. 2, and are situated 125 feet north of the detached ward buildings, facing east.  They consist of two-story cottages and one one-story cottage, connecting the group surrounding a court.  The two larger cottages are 84 feet long by 74 feet deep.  The open court is 58 feet long, enclosed by an ornamental fence.
 
During 1904 the present cottage wards 10 and 11 were completed.  These building were known as Group No. 2, and are situated 125 feet north of the detached ward buildings, facing east.  They consist of two-story cottages and one one-story cottage, connecting the group surrounding a court.  The two larger cottages are 84 feet long by 74 feet deep.  The open court is 58 feet long, enclosed by an ornamental fence.
  
In 1905 the first graduation exercises of the training school for nurses were held. Dr. V. H. Podstata, general superintendent, resigned July 16, 1906, to become superintendent of the Elgin State Hospital.  Dr. O. C. White was appointed general superintendent, July 16, 1906.  In 1906 hydrotherapeutic and electrical appliances were installed in the west basement of the hospital ward.
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In 1905 the first graduation exercises of the training school for nurses were held.
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Dr. V. H. Podstata, general superintendent, resigned July 16, 1906, to become superintendent of the Elgin State Hospital.  Dr. O. C. White was appointed general superintendent, July 16, 1906.  In 1906 hydrotherapeutic and electrical appliances were installed in the west basement of the hospital ward.
  
 
In 1907 a psychopathologist was appointed, and semi-weekly meetings of the staff were held for presentation of cases and discussions.  The old picket fence separating the infirmary and insane asylum was torn down; 1500 small trees were purchased and placed in a nursery for transplanting.  A large open ditch, which ran through the grounds, was laid with five 15-inch tile and covered over.
 
In 1907 a psychopathologist was appointed, and semi-weekly meetings of the staff were held for presentation of cases and discussions.  The old picket fence separating the infirmary and insane asylum was torn down; 1500 small trees were purchased and placed in a nursery for transplanting.  A large open ditch, which ran through the grounds, was laid with five 15-inch tile and covered over.
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Four 250 horse-power water-tube boilers, equipped with traveling chain grates, were installed in 1907.  Two 500 horse-power boilers were also installed, with traveling chain grates.  A new smokestack, 180 feet high, was built during this year.
 
Four 250 horse-power water-tube boilers, equipped with traveling chain grates, were installed in 1907.  Two 500 horse-power boilers were also installed, with traveling chain grates.  A new smokestack, 180 feet high, was built during this year.
  
A system was developed for re-education purposes for the insane.  Two attendants were sent to the school of civics and philanthropy with pay.  One of these attendants, Miss Myra Henderson, continues at the present time (1915) in the employ of the hospital. A consulting staff of 12 physicians from Chicago was attached to the institution.  Dentist T. W. Schnell visited the hospital one day each week in order to look after the dental needs of the patients.
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A system was developed for re-education purposes for the insane.  Two attendants were sent to the school of civics and philanthropy with pay.  One of these attendants, Miss Myra Henderson, continues at the present time (1915) in the employ of the hospital.
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A consulting staff of 12 physicians from Chicago was attached to the institution.  Dentist T. W. Schnell visited the hospital one day each week in order to look after the dental needs of the patients.
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In 1912 cottage ward No. 1 was established as an art cottage for female patients, in charge of Miss Ingborg Olson, and continues as such at the present time (1915).  A gynecological service was also established.
  
In 1912 cottage ward No. 1 was established as an art cottage for female patients, in charge of Miss Ingborg Olson, and continues as such at the present time (1915).  A gynecological service was also established. In January, 1912, fire destroyed the central portion of the infirmary buildings, which contained six wards, operating room, two congregate dining-rooms, kitchen, chapel, and the corridors leading from the east to the west wings.  The fire did not destroy the two west wings which were not in use, nor the three east wings which housed insane patients.
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In January, 1912, fire destroyed the central portion of the infirmary buildings, which contained six wards, operating room, two congregate dining-rooms, kitchen, chapel, and the corridors leading from the east to the west wings.  The fire did not destroy the two west wings which were not in use, nor the three east wings which housed insane patients.
  
 
In the year 1909 the General Assembly passed a law entitled "An Act to Revise the Laws Relating to Charities, etc." Section 20 of this act provided for the removal of the insane and feeble-minded from the county almshouses to state institutions.  All of the provisions of Section 20 were complied with except that part relating to the insane and feeble-minded in almshouses in counties of over 150,000 population.
 
In the year 1909 the General Assembly passed a law entitled "An Act to Revise the Laws Relating to Charities, etc." Section 20 of this act provided for the removal of the insane and feeble-minded from the county almshouses to state institutions.  All of the provisions of Section 20 were complied with except that part relating to the insane and feeble-minded in almshouses in counties of over 150,000 population.
  
An appropriation was by the General Assembly in 1911 to provide for the insane and feeble-minded in the Cook County Hospital for the Insane at Dunning, Ill. On July, 1912, the County of Cook transferred to the State of Illinois all lands, buildings and equipment known as the Cook County Institution at Dunning, Ill., the name to be changed to Chicago State Hospital.
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An appropriation was by the General Assembly in 1911 to provide for the insane and feeble-minded in the Cook County Hospital for the Insane at Dunning, Ill.
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On July, 1912, the County of Cook transferred to the State of Illinois all lands, buildings and equipment known as the Cook County Institution at Dunning, Ill., the name to be changed to Chicago State Hospital.
  
 
The details of the transfer to the state were made by a committee composed of three members of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, in joint session with the Board of Administration of the State of Illinois.  The committee of the Board of Cook County Commissioners was composed of Peter Bartzen, ex-officio member, Bartley Berg, chairman, Joseph Mendel and Lawrence J. Coffee.  The state was represented by the Board of Administration.  The appraisement of buildings, lands and furniture was made under the direction of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, and the valuation is given as follows: Buildings, $983,518.06; $500,640; furniture, $34,970.
 
The details of the transfer to the state were made by a committee composed of three members of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, in joint session with the Board of Administration of the State of Illinois.  The committee of the Board of Cook County Commissioners was composed of Peter Bartzen, ex-officio member, Bartley Berg, chairman, Joseph Mendel and Lawrence J. Coffee.  The state was represented by the Board of Administration.  The appraisement of buildings, lands and furniture was made under the direction of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, and the valuation is given as follows: Buildings, $983,518.06; $500,640; furniture, $34,970.
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The following new buildings are under construction at the present time (1915): An administration building, three stories in height, 187 feet long and 75 feet deep, of brick construction.  It occupies the site of the infirmary buildings which were torn down in 1914.  The building will contain the offices and living quarters of the hospital staff.  Two receiving wards, both identical, of brick construction and two stories in height, one for the female and the other for male patients.  The buildings are 238 feet long by 65 feet deep, and are situated opposite each other on the main driveway to the present administration building.  Two infirmary cottages, to be known as Cottage Ward 15 and 16.  These buildings are of brick construction, two stories in height, and situated just west of the poorhouse boiler room, fronting south on the driveway leading to the old tubercular hospital.
 
The following new buildings are under construction at the present time (1915): An administration building, three stories in height, 187 feet long and 75 feet deep, of brick construction.  It occupies the site of the infirmary buildings which were torn down in 1914.  The building will contain the offices and living quarters of the hospital staff.  Two receiving wards, both identical, of brick construction and two stories in height, one for the female and the other for male patients.  The buildings are 238 feet long by 65 feet deep, and are situated opposite each other on the main driveway to the present administration building.  Two infirmary cottages, to be known as Cottage Ward 15 and 16.  These buildings are of brick construction, two stories in height, and situated just west of the poorhouse boiler room, fronting south on the driveway leading to the old tubercular hospital.
  
An untidy cottage, on story in height, of brick construction, situated just west of the nurses' home, near the main track of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. A nurses' home, three stories high, of brick construction, and situated directly west of the present paint shop, facing west.  It is 187 feet long and 75 feet deep and will accommodate about 150 employees.
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An untidy cottage, on story in height, of brick construction, situated just west of the nurses' home, near the main track of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad.
  
In the spring of 1914 the buildings which housed the consumptives under county management were thoroughly overhauled, cleansed, disinfected and kalsomined, and are now occupied by insane patients.  The wards in these buildings are known as the detached wards, 5,5A,6,7,8 and 9.  The furnace beating plants have been removed and steam heating is now used. A small root cellar or vegetable house was constructed for $2000.  The building is 60 feet by 40 feet and situated just west of the main building for the insane.
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A nurses' home, three stories high, of brick construction, and situated directly west of the present paint shop, facing west.  It is 187 feet long and 75 feet deep and will accommodate about 150 employees.
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In the spring of 1914 the buildings which housed the consumptives under county management were thoroughly overhauled, cleansed, disinfected and kalsomined, and are now occupied by insane patients.  The wards in these buildings are known as the detached wards, 5,5A,6,7,8 and 9.  The furnace beating plants have been removed and steam heating is now used.
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A small root cellar or vegetable house was constructed for $2000.  The building is 60 feet by 40 feet and situated just west of the main building for the insane.
  
 
On July 1, 1912, the nursing service consisted of four supervising nurses, 78 male and 72 female attendants.  At the present time (1915) the nursing service consists of one chief nurse, two male supervising nurses, two female supervising nursing, one acting supervising nurse (female), 145 female attendants, 135 male attendants.  In February, 1914, the eight-hour system was installed for the nursing service in part of the hospital, and as it proved a success it was rapidly extended, so that by the middle of May, 1914, all the employees were working on eight-hour shifts.
 
On July 1, 1912, the nursing service consisted of four supervising nurses, 78 male and 72 female attendants.  At the present time (1915) the nursing service consists of one chief nurse, two male supervising nurses, two female supervising nursing, one acting supervising nurse (female), 145 female attendants, 135 male attendants.  In February, 1914, the eight-hour system was installed for the nursing service in part of the hospital, and as it proved a success it was rapidly extended, so that by the middle of May, 1914, all the employees were working on eight-hour shifts.
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Insane patients present in the hospital December 1, 1871, 216; in the hospital March 19, 1915, 3019.<ref>History from "The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada". By Hurd, Henry Mills, 1843-1927, ed; Drewry, William Francis, 1860-; Dewey, Richard Smith, 1845-1933.; Pilgrim, Charles Winfield, 1855-; Blumer, G. Alder (George Alder), 1857-1940; Burgess, Thomas Joseph Workman, 1849-</ref>
 
Insane patients present in the hospital December 1, 1871, 216; in the hospital March 19, 1915, 3019.<ref>History from "The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada". By Hurd, Henry Mills, 1843-1927, ed; Drewry, William Francis, 1860-; Dewey, Richard Smith, 1845-1933.; Pilgrim, Charles Winfield, 1855-; Blumer, G. Alder (George Alder), 1857-1940; Burgess, Thomas Joseph Workman, 1849-</ref>
 
Chicago State Hospital’s buildings closed after it merged in 1970 with the nearby Charles F. Read Zone Center, which had opened on the west side of Oak Park Avenue in 1965. Since 1970, it has been known as Chicago-Read Mental Health Center.
 
  
 
== Images of Chicago State Hospital ==
 
== Images of Chicago State Hospital ==

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